philosopher

Victor Hugo

French poet, novelist, essayist, playwright, and dramatist of the Romantic movement

Jane Jacobs

American-Canadian journalist, author, theorist, and activist who influenced urban studies, sociology, and economics

William James

American philosopher, historian, and psychologist, and the first educator to offer a psychology course in the United States

Julian Jaynes

American researcher in psychology at Yale and Princeton for nearly 25 years and best known for his 1976 book The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind

Alexander Herzen

Russian writer and thinker known as the “father of Russian socialism” and one of the main fathers of agrarian populism . With his writings, many composed while exiled in London, he attempted to influence the situation in Russia, contributing to a political climate that led to the emancipation of the serfs in 1861. He published the important social novel Who is to Blame? . His autobiography, My Past and Thoughts , is often considered one of the best examples of that genre in Russian literature.